The "Paleo" Diet Primer

I've mentioned a pretty dramatic shift in the way that I eat, and now the time is right to go into all the explaining of that. But first... I thought I'd open with a fun little video that will make my life a little easier.


A lot of the concepts in there aren't new-- I've mentioned them here before, but now we'll get a little (wait for the caveman humor...) meat on the bones of the topic.

The Paleo diet-- I often like to start describing this as what I don't eat and then building it back up from there. SO... my list of Don't Eats:
- Dairy
- Grains
- Legumes
- Processed Foods

It's a short list, right? But that short list includes a lot of the typical American fare, so I'll break it out a little more. I don't eat bread, pasta, milk, yogurt, cereals, tofu, peanuts and beans. I don't eat things that start or end life in a box.

If you've known me over the past 20-something years you will recognize how very fundamental that shift is for me. When I took this challenge on in November, I did so knowing that my eating stood to be a lot healthier. In August I made the first fundamental shift in that-- I gave up being a vegetarian-- something I had been for most of my adult life. In November I took up the remainder of that shift-- away from all the grains and dairy I had lived on for most of my life. I was one of those vegetarians that described myself as a "dairy-tarian" or a "grain-atarian." I wasn't too big on green things much less things with mothers and faces. So this was a very big shift for me-- I was literally giving up everything I had spent 35 years eating.

Now what is in the Paleo diet.
- Naturally produced meat (grass fed cows, pastured chickens, wild-caught fish)
- Vegetables
- Fruit
- Nuts
- Fat (yep... it's not a bad word when its the right kind of fat.)

I've talked evolution before, and the video certainly spoke to it, but these are the kinds of things our bodies evolved to eat-- provided we, to put it in the words of Joel Salatin, "respect and honor the pigness of the pig" or any other living thing we take into our bodies. The meat I buy at the local supermarket bears no resemblance to the meat we all evolved to eat and as a result the nutritional content of that meat is radically different. When you hear the "dangers of eating red meat" it is most often tied to the effects of the production of our meat. By respecting and honoring the cowness of the cow and eating grassfed beef, those dangers seem to disappear. The same holds true for chicken and fish. If the chicken can live its life like it evolved to live it, it will grow up healthy and therefore make the people who evolved to eat it healthy. We'll talk more on this topic later-- remember, rabbit hole. We'll also talk more about fat, but in the meantime, let's talk about how this shift went and why I went this way.

For starters, I don't do anything without reading and learning alot. Before I took on the idea of the paleo shift, I had a lot of questions that needed answering. My biggest concern, as a woman in her 30s, was around removing dairy and whether I would be affecting my calcium stores at a time when I needed it most. And I was also concerned that there may be other vitamins I was going to be losing as well-- what would this mean to my overall well being? So I started to read.

If you look at the statistics for Osteoporosis, you'll see something kind of interesting. North America and Europe have the highest rates of osteoporosis in the world, with North America running right in there. When you look at consumption of dairy on a global scale you notice something similar-- Europe and North America account for the highest amounts of dairy consumption. Doesn't it seem strange that the people eating the most dairy are the ones that have the worst osteoporosis?!

As it turns out the typical western diet is highly acidic with all those grains going on. As a result, during digestion, the kidneys are recruited to help balance the acid/alkaline levels (remember that homeostasis thing I talked about). Calcium salt in the body is one of the best alkaline sources there are, so as the body acidifies, that calcium is recruited to restore the balance. Which basically means that even though we are taking in copious amounts of calcium, it's being used for other things than making bones stronger. Sure calcium does that but only when it's not being used first. Milk itself is ever-so-slightly acidic. If you think of 7.0 as acid/alkaline neutral and anything below 7 is acidic and above 7 is alkaline, milk is a 6.7, which is likely helped by the calcium content of it. But when the rest of the diet is highly acidic that calcium is always being used. The chief sources of alkaline are... vegetables! So the more vegetables you eat, the more alkaline your blood. The more alkaline your blood, the more your body can store additional alkaline agents like calcium and therefore the stronger your bones will get. But the typical western diet is so highly acidic that it actually leaches the calcium from your bones themselves and makes westerners among the most prone to osteoporosis.

And what about fiber? The supermarket shelves are loaded with grain-based products promoting themselves as "high fiber" like Fiber One cereal, breads, etc. And with the recent push for whole grains, everyone is eating whole wheat everything... whole wheat pasta to whole wheat pizza dough-- it is everywhere. So it turns out there are 2 kinds of fiber-- soluble and insoluble. Soluble fibers can break down, mix with water and help lower that bad LDL cholesterol that I told you a few days ago builds up in your arteries in case you spring a leak and keep your heart warm through the cold months of fall, winter and spring. Insoluble fibers, on the other hand, cannot be broken down, and provide bulk, but pass through the digestive system largely unprocessed. These are the things you eat to feel full, but because your body cannot break them down, they cannot pull nutrients out of them. Soluble fibers are found in things like vegetables, citrus fruits, oat and rye, strawberries, beans and peas, and apple pulp. Insoluble fiber is found in things like whole-wheat breads, wheat cereals, wheat bran, cabbage, beets, carrots, brussels sprouts, turnips, cauliflower, and apple skin. So while you are correct in the observation that both grains and vegetables cross those lines, adding in the acidification aspect makes things a little more clear. I can eat insoluble vegetables without upping my blood acidity-- I can get the calories and the bulk without the negative consequence. But I can't eat the grains and beans that are soluble without making my blood more acid. As a result, The veggies and fruits come out on top for fiber and the grains aren't giving me a net positive (yes, oats may help with the LDL cholesterol, but they offset the alkalinity).

I went into my Paleo shift in early November after requesting my doctor do a full blood panel on me. We recorded my cholesterol levels, my calcium levels, my triglycerides... all of that. My goal was a month or two of paleo, because it seemed awfully restrictive at first glance, and then we'd look at my blood results again and see how things shook out. My first week, I will confess, was awful. My first 3 days I felt openly hostile and the following few days I felt insatiable-- I wanted to eat everything around. Eventually things began to quiet and I got used to how to eat-- including how to eat without cooking all the time. It was definitely a lifestyle change for me-- I needed to figure out paleo convenience, which becomes a little more challenging. I'll get into more of that later, but eventually something unsual happened. I felt awesome. I felt better than I had ever felt before. And I stopped resisting the diet and feeling like I was being deprived and no longer craved grains and dairy. And then came Thanksgiving.

It's hard to hold Paleo over Thanksgiving, and truth be told, I gave myself the day as a cheat day with no cause for concern. The next 3 days, however, I felt awful-- I felt weak and heavy and bloated and just kinda bummed out. I don't think I ever appreciated the food-mood connection until post Thanksgiving. And since then I have not looked back. As for the blood work, I decided to wait until the one year mark to see how it all shakes out. In general, I live by the 80-20 rule and every now and again don't say no to a big piece of chocolate cake, but I gotta say, I've given myself a few outs that just lacked appeal when it all came down to it. I remember one night in particular when I was too tired to make dinner and gave myself permission to have some pizza. I really thought this would excite me, but it just didn't. And in the end, I went home and quickly cooked up a salmon filet and made a salad and was quite happy and content with myself. It was a day I never expected to see.

I am entering into my 7th month of this diet now, and I have to tell you, I will be eating this way for the rest of my life-- no question about it. I feel energized all the time. And dare I say it, I feel happier. I've gone from vegetarian to cave-dweller-- my diet could not be more night and day from where it was a year ago. It has given me lots of interesting thoughts on the topic of vegetarianism that I will share with you another day. I believe my diet has largely accounted for the dramatic shift in body composition I blogged about recently. I look and feel a lot better and for the first time in my life, I am developing muscles, which is not easy for a relative ectomorph. In a couple more months we will see what the blood work shows once and for all, but back to the very question that opened this chapter 2 blog... Am I Healthy?? The answer comes back a lot more firmly in the yes category with this new shift in eating.